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擺動式液壓缸

擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)液壓缸(gang)是輸出扭矩(ju)并實現(xian)(xian)往復(fu)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的執行(xing)元(yuan)件，有單(dan)葉(xie)片、雙(shuang)(shuang)葉(xie)片、螺旋(xuan)擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)等幾種(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)。葉(xie)片式(shi)(shi)式(shi)(shi)：定子(zi)塊固定在缸(gang)體上，而葉(xie)片和轉(zhuan)子(zi)連接在一起。根據進油方向(xiang)，葉(xie)片將帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)子(zi)作往復(fu)擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。螺旋(xuan)擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)又分單(dan)螺旋(xuan)擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和雙(shuang)(shuang)螺旋(xuan)兩種(zhong)，現(xian)(xian)在雙(shuang)(shuang)螺旋(xuan)比較常用，靠(kao)兩個螺旋(xuan)副(fu)降液壓缸(gang)內活塞的直線運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)直線運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)與自轉(zhuan)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的復(fu)he運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，從而實現(xian)(xian)擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。

例(li)如：活(huo)塞與活(huo)塞桿(gan)不同心或(huo)(huo)活(huo)塞桿(gan)彎曲，液壓缸或(huo)(huo)活(huo)塞桿(gan)對導(dao)軌安(an)裝(zhuang)位置偏(pian)移，密(mi)封環(huan)裝(zhuang)得過(guo)緊(jin)或(huo)(huo)過(guo)松等(deng)。解(jie)決方法是(shi)重新(xin)修理或(huo)(huo)調整，更換(huan)損傷的(de)零件及清除(chu)鐵屑。

(2)潤(run)滑不良(liang)或液壓缸孔(kong)徑加工超差。因為活塞與缸筒、導軌與活塞桿等均有相對運動，如(ru)果潤(run)滑不良(liang)或液壓缸孔(kong)徑超差，就會(hui)加劇磨損，使缸筒中心線直線性降(jiang)低。（威海力建(jian)冶金液壓設備廠)

零部件加工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)的影(ying)響問題(ti)，在(zai)(zai)液壓缸(gang)(gang)(gang)的制造過(guo)程中(zhong)應嚴格控制缸(gang)(gang)(gang)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)壁和活塞(sai)桿表(biao)面加工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)幾何精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)，尤(you)其(qi)直(zhi)線度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)關鍵，在(zai)(zai)國內(nei)(nei)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)中(zhong)，活塞(sai)桿表(biao)面的加工(gong)(gong)(gong)基本上是(shi)車后磨(mo)削，保(bao)證直(zhi)線度(du)(du)(du)問題(ti)不(bu)大，但(dan)對于缸(gang)(gang)(gang)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)壁的加工(gong)(gong)(gong)，其(qi)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)方法(fa)很(hen)多，有鏜(tang)削-滾壓、鏜(tang)削-珩磨(mo)、直(zhi)接珩磨(mo)等，但(dan)由于國內(nei)(nei)材(cai)料的基礎(chu)水(shui)平較國外有差(cha)距，管材(cai)坯料直(zhi)線度(du)(du)(du)差(cha)，壁厚不(bu)均(jun)勻、硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)均(jun)勻等因素，往往直(zhi)接影(ying)響缸(gang)(gang)(gang)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)壁加工(gong)(gong)(gong)后的直(zhi)線度(du)(du)(du)，因此建(jian)議采用(yong)鏜(tang)削-滾壓、鏜(tang)削-珩磨(mo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，如直(zhi)接珩磨(mo)，則必須首先(xian)提高管材(cai)坯料的直(zhi)線度(du)(du)(du)。

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　　在允許的情況下(xia)，液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)缸(gang)(gang)的缸(gang)(gang)體(ti)壁(bi)厚安全系數(shu)盡量(liang)選大一些，使缸(gang)(gang)體(ti)厚壁(bi)增(zeng)加，特別是高壓(ya)(ya)工況下(xia)使用的油缸(gang)(gang)，以減(jian)小油壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)的缸(gang)(gang)體(ti)變形(xing)，變形(xing)后的缸(gang)(gang)體(ti)也會引起液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)缸(gang)(gang)低速(su)爬行(xing)。